Archive for category Horizontal Stabilizer
Horizontal Stabilizer Tips Finished and Riveted (5/13/10)
Posted by Ethan Jacoby in Construction, Empennage, Horizontal Stabilizer on May 13, 2010
0.5 Hours -
After doing bits of work here and there on the HS tips, they are finally finished for the second time! This time, I made sure to check the fit with the elevators after each step. The pictures don’t really do them justice. The flash makes the aft surface look uneven, but it is really just an effect of sand the surface smooth. When sanding, primer is knocked off high spots, leaving the white micro to show through more than it does on the low spots.
Finally done with the HS tips after having to redo them. One more fit check before riveting.
The HS tips are riveted on...no turning back!
Redoing The HS Tips (5/9/10)
Posted by Ethan Jacoby in Construction, Empennage, Horizontal Stabilizer on May 7, 2010
1.0 Hours -
Despite my lack of posts over the last week and a half, I’ve actually been working on the plane almost every day. However, as I’ve stated before, with fiberglass, it is 15 minutes of work followed by hours of drying time.
On my last post, I had just finished filling and priming the HS tips. They looked beautiful too. Unfortunately (or fortunately), I checked the fit one last time before riveting them on. To be sure the fit was OK, I also attached the elevators to make sure they had enough clearance. Well, they didn’t! The elevators could no longer swing because I built up the aft surface of the HS tips too much. Come on…I only had two layers of micro, two layers of thinned epoxy on top of that, and two layers of filler primer on top of that!!! The prime culprit really was the micro. I had the tips cut down to the perfect length, then filled past that with micro.
So, my once beautiful HS tips had to be sanded all the way back down to the wood rib, leaving just a bit of micro in the low spots, then re-sealed and re-primed. Now, they look just as good as before, but still have the necessary clearance for the elevators to swing. At least I’m still waiting for my wings and have plenty of time to play with these tips!
Pinholes in the micro become obvious once primer is applied. Sand, seal, prime, repeat until the holes are gone.
The finished tip has no pinholes...hopefully it still fits the HS!
The picture makes the gap look bigger than it is. Too much micro, and the gap dissappears (ask me how I know).
In addition, I bought and assembled a new BBQ grill this weekend. Assembly took about 2 hours. If Van’s wrote the instruction manual, assembly probably would have taken an hour max!
My new grill. They could take a lesson from Van's about how to write an assembly manual!
Primed Horizontal Stabilizer Tips (4/28/10)
Posted by Ethan Jacoby in Construction, Empennage, Horizontal Stabilizer on April 28, 2010
0.5 Hours -
This evening, I spent a few minutes countersinking the HS tips and dimpling the HS skin. Once this was done, I cleaned the HS tips with soap and water and then sprayed on two coats of primer. It looks like I may still have some pinholes to deal with on the aft surface of the tips. Once the primer is dry, and if pinholes are present, I will probably sand the primer and then add another layer of epoxy to try to seal these holes.
Still Working On The VS and HS Tips (4/23/10)
Posted by Ethan Jacoby in Construction, Empennage, Horizontal Stabilizer, Vertical Stabilizer on April 23, 2010
0.7 Hours -
Today, I was able to get another 45 minutes of work in on the HS and VS tips. As usual, now they have to set overnight before I can do anything else.
After sanding down the layer of micro on the aft surface of the HS tips, there were a lot of pinholes present. On the VS tip, I decided to layer on some more micro, but, this time, I decided just to put on two coats of straight epoxy and see if that seals the holes.
Many pinholes in my HS tip micro. Hopefully a layer or two of epoxy seals them nicely.
Once my epoxy was on the HS tips, I turned my attention back to the VS tip. I had piled on some micro to see if I could fill the gap on the forward edge between the fiberglass tip and the metal skin. I did a quick, rough sand on this micro, and it looks like the gap is nicely filled. I still need to do a bit more sanding, follow the sanding with a coat of primer, and the gap should be a distant memory!
After a quick rough sand on the VS tip micro, the gap looks like it will be covered up.
Another angle on the now fixed VS tip gap. A little finish sanding and a coat of primer should make it look good.
More Work On The Horizontal Stabilizer Tips (4/21/10)
Posted by Ethan Jacoby in Construction, Empennage, Horizontal Stabilizer, Vertical Stabilizer on April 21, 2010
0.8 Hours -
Since this is more fiberglass work, as with the last few posts, this entry covers work that occurred over multiple days. I’m combining some of these because I can’t justify writing one post for something that took 15 minutes to do and then had to set overnight before I could do more work.
The other night, I reinforced my wood HS tip ribs by adding a layer of fiberglass to the inside of the joint over the flox filet. Once the epoxy was set, I returned to the tips today and put a layer of micro over the aft face of the wood ribs. This was done in the same manner as with the vertical stabilizer tip. However, I tried to make the micro a bit thicker in order to prevent it from running down the side of the tips (it took a lot of sanding to fix that on the VS tip). This time, my micro was the consistency of thick frosting rather than a runny glaze. This thicker micro had to be spread on instead of poured, and it seems to have fewer air bubbles than my previous, runnier micro.
This time, I used a much thicker mixture of micro. Hopefully, no runs!
Once I coated both HS tip ribs, I still had some micro left over. With the extra, I decided to slather some on the gap that is present on the leading edge of the vertical stabilizer where the aluminum and tip meet. I’m hoping the micro will fill the gap and be easy to sand back to the contour of the vertical stabilizer. If it doesn’t work, I may have to glass the seam on the VS and I’m trying to avoid this.
With luck, the micro will fill the gap on the VS tip.
Horizontal Stabilizer Tip Rib Work (4/18/10)
Posted by Ethan Jacoby in Construction, Empennage, Horizontal Stabilizer on April 19, 2010
1.0 Hours -
Today, I was able to fit the left HS tip, construct the wood rib for it, and bond both the ribs to both tips. This time, I decided to bond the ribs in place while the tips were clecoed on the HS. Since the tips deform quite a bit when not clecoed in place, I was worried that the fit may not be quite right if I removed the tips and bonded the ribs outside the HS. Once the flox set, I removed the tips and laid a fillet of flox around the inside joint of each tip/rib combo. Tomorrow, I’ll reinforce them with some glass.
On a more positive note, about one more month until my wings arrive. Hopefully, when it comes time to order the fuselage, I’ll be able to save the money earlier and not have a construction gap after the wings are completed.
As with the VS tip, I have to fabricate wood ribs for the HS tips.
My flox fillets on the HS ribs look much better than the one I made on the VS tip.
Started Right Horizontal Stabilizer Tip (4/16/10)
Posted by Ethan Jacoby in Construction, Empennage, Horizontal Stabilizer on April 17, 2010
1.0 Hours -
The HS tips require the most work of all the empennage tips. Since some metal is cut from the end of the stabilizer to accommodate the elevators, an equal amount of the HS tip also has to be removed. In addition, the horizontal stabilizer is not pre-punched for the tip attachment locations. This is the only part of the empennage where an entire row of rivet holes is missing. Like the VS tip, the HS tips are also open ended and I will need to make some wood ribs to close them off.
I started by trimming the tip. Using my Dremel, I cut about 0.2” from the flange, and removed over an inch from the aft end to allow the elevator to swing. Being cautious, I made sure to remove less than required from the aft end. It’s much easier to sand it down the rest of the way than to rebuild it with fiberglass.
Next, I needed to measure and mark the horizontal stabilizer for the tip attachment holes. Since the flange on the tip is 0.5” wide, I decided that my rivet holes should be 0.25” from the edge of the HS. Drawing this line was the easy part. Now, how do I decide on the number of rivets to use to attach the tip and how far apart do they need to be spaced?
Unlike the other empennage components, the horizontal stabilizer is not prepunched for the tips. Here, I measured for drilling.
After looking at the other empennage tips (all of which have different rivet spacing), I decided to place the first rivet 1” from the leading edge and then place three more rivets at 1.25” intervals for a total of four rivets per side. Once I marked this pattern, I used a center punch and then drilled the holes to #40.
Another difficulty with the HS tips is that they are not quite wide enough. If I clamp one side to the HS, the other side is almost a half inch from the flange. However, they do easily stretch to fit the HS. With this in mind, I clamped both sides of the tip in place and started match drilling the tip to the holes I had just made in the HS. As with the other tips, I drilled my first hole, then carefully re-checked the fit before moving on to the next hole.
The right HS tip has been drilled and clecoed. The fit looks good.
Once all the holes were drilled and the tip was clecoed on, I attached the elevator to check how much more of the tip would need to be removed. Fortunately, not much! The aft end of the tip will require a bit more sanding in order to make a nice, even gap the entire length. The elevator tip also sticks out a bit more than the HS tip. To fix this, I’ll probably put a layer of micro on and then sand it to shape so that it is even with the elevator’s tip. On one builder’s site, I saw that they actually closed the entire HS/elevator tip gap with micro, sand the final shape, then re-cut the gap with a saw. I may try this as well.
I'll need to do a little work on the HS tip to even out the gap between it and the elevator.
The Tool Box Flies! (11/6/09)
Posted by Ethan Jacoby in Construction, Empennage, Horizontal Stabilizer on November 6, 2009
1.2 Hours -
I’ve seen many things “fly,” on various builder’s logs, with the help of a recently completed horizontal stabilizer. Hammocks, lawn chairs, and bicycles seem to top the list. However, tonight I saw, for the first time ever (I think), a tool box fly!
The tool box flies!
After squeezing a few more rivets on the rear spar, my horizontal stabilizer is done and I was able to check the box next to the step that says, “Congratulations!, You’ve finished the first major sub-assembly on your new airplane.”
Overall, I’m pretty happy with my work. My test after each assembly is finished will be to decide if I would fly an airplane that had this part on it. In the case of my HS, I would jump right in without hesitation. She may not be the prettiest girl at the ball, but she’ll suit me just fine.
Complete, the horizontal stabilizer measures 8' 3.5" at it's widest.
Time to start the vertical stabilizer…
Only the Rear Spar Remains (11/5/09)
Posted by Ethan Jacoby in Construction, Empennage, Horizontal Stabilizer on November 5, 2009
2.7 Hours -
My back has been very sore the last couple of days (don’t know what I did to it), keeping me out of the garage. Tonight, I intended to just go downstairs to take some pictures of new tools for a tools posting, but, as usual, I ended up working on the airplane. Over 2.5 hours later I resurfaced, hungry and exhausted, with a nearly complete horizontal stabilizer.
I finished bucking all of the rivets attaching the skin to the front spar and HS-708 rib. There are a lot of rivets in the HS that have to be bucked…by the time I finished this, my fear of picking up the rivet gun was gone!
After bucking everything that had to be bucked, I picked up the squeezer and squeezed all the rivets attaching the inboard and outboard ribs to the skin. With this done, all that was left was to attach the rear spar. I clecoed the spar in and squeezed all the rivets that attach it to the top skin. Tomorrow, I’ll set the remaining skin and rear spar attach rivets. Once that is done, so is the horizontal stabilizer.
The HS is done except for attaching the rear spar.
Finished Left Horizontal Stabilizer and Making Good Progress On the Right (11/1/09)
Posted by Ethan Jacoby in Construction, Empennage, Horizontal Stabilizer on November 1, 2009
3.6 Hours -
My Dad came over to help for a couple of hours today. We started by having a quick lesson in sheet metal work. I had him drill, deburr, dimple and rivet on a piece of scrap aluminum. After he set five rivets, he pretty much had the hang of riveting using the gun and bucking bar, so I showed him how to drill out his mistakes. This was a bit more complicated and I don’t think he enjoyed it too much.
With our lesson out of the way, we continued my work on the left HS by driving all the remaining rivets connecting the skin to the front spar. Next, we riveted the HS-708 rib to the skin. Finally, we squeezed the rivets attaching the inboard ribs to the skin, leaving only the outboard, HS-706, rib to rivet. We stopped here because I could not figure out how to rivet the two holes closes to the leading edge on HS-706.
My Dad took his turn at squeezing some rivets.
After looking at these holes for a few minutes with no I ideas, I did a quick internet search to see if I could find any tips. I came up empty which usually means I’m missing something obvious that everyone else was able to figure out. So, we went to lunch and called it a day.
Once my Dad left, I went back into the garage and looked at the two holes again. I couldn’t get a bucking bar to fit and, for some reason, I was sure the squeezer yoke wouldn’t fit either. However, I tried the hand squeezer one more time and it slid right in. It turns out the squeezer fits if you turn it at a slight angle to the rib instead of directly perpendicular. Generally, there seems to be a simple solution…I just don’t always see it right away.
The rivets closest to the leading edge were really easy to set once I figured out how to fit the squeezer into this tight space.
The left horizontal stabilizer is done and I'm ready to start the right.
I finished all the rivets on the left HS and started to work on the right. Everything on the right side is going so much quicker than on the left. I had to learn so much while completing the left side and the right now seems simple.
On the right HS, I riveted in the HS-707X rib, riveted the front spar to the outboard rib (HS-706), blind riveted the HS-708 rib to the front spar and HS-707, and drove over half the rivets connecting the front spar to the skin. A couple more hours of work and the HS should be done.
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